What is a Heat Exchanger

Diagram of a heat exchanger

Boiler Heat Exchangers Explained?

A heat exchanger transfers heat from one fluid to another, hence its name. In the case of a boiler, heat is transferred from the gas being burned to the water that will circulate throughout your home.

Gas boilers burn gas, which subsequently heats up and rises towards the heat exchanger that the cold water passes through. As the water circulates, the heat is transferred from the gas to the water, which subsequently heats up to heat your radiators or provide hot water for a storage tank.

Condensing and non-condensing boiler heat exchangers

As mandated in the nation's legislation, all brand-new boiler systems are required to be condensing since they're considerably more energy-efficient than their non-condensing counterparts. This is due to condensing boiler systems having twice as many heat exchangers inside them than their non-constricting counterparts, so they have the capacity to capture and reuse heat from processed gases. 

Non-condensing

Non-condensing units have one heat exchanger, into which cold water is entered to be heated up and then circulated around your house. Waste gases are released to the outside through one of the flues, which can reach a maximum temperature of 250 degrees Celsius, revealing how much heat is being lost.

Condensing boilers

These boilers are equipped with two main heat exchangers, so they are able to recycle the heat from waste gases, improving their efficiency. To begin, cold water enters the secondary chamber, absorbing the heat from flue gases that would otherwise be wrongly wasted by a non-condensing unit.

It's clear to see that a second heat exchanger makes a sizeable difference in temperature. The temperature of the flue is prominently reduced because of the condensing process that takes place.

What is a boiler flue?

A boiler flue is a tube through which exhaust gases from a boiler are released and dispersed. A boiler burns fuels such as natural gas or oil to heat water, producing harmful contaminants such as carbon monoxide.

What are the symptoms of a faulty heat exchanger?

Kettling

You may be hearing kettle noises if your heating system is experiencing a corrosion or residue problem. This is brought on by the narrowing of the tubing when the combustion chamber is filled with sludge or limescale, reducing the velocity of the water. This results in your heating system operating at a higher cost and will shorten its lifespan.

How do you fix kettling?

The most frequently recommended kettling solution is simply to remove the heat exchanger and scrub it. If there's a limescale build-up, you may have to scrub it extensively, or depending on the severity it might call for a replacement heat exchanger or even a boiler replacement.

Leaking

Any leaking or dripping from a heat exchanger is usually caused by an issue with the internal components of the device, usually related to a pump seal or pressure valve.

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